介紹北京的導遊詞（精選13篇）

介紹北京的導遊詞（精選13篇）

各位遊客大家好，接下來，我們將前往香山公園景區。首先，請允許簡要地介紹一下景區的概況。香山公園位於海淀區，北京市西郊,是國家AAAA級景區，北京市精品公園，20_年通過ISO9001國際質量管理體系和ISO14001國際環境管理體系認證。景區佔地180餘公頃，是一座歷史悠久、文化底藴豐富、具有山林特色的皇家園林。

香山公園歷史悠久，文物古蹟眾多,早在1186年就出現了人文景觀。香山寺曾為京西寺廟之冠。

在遼代，這裏是私人宅邸。當時有個中丞名阿勒彌者，見這裏山青水秀，遂建宅舍。金世宗完顏雍大定二十六年(1186)，始在此山建大永安寺，亦叫甘露寺，即現在香山寺之前身。金章宗時，又在此建會景樓和祭星台建築，從此皇家苑囿的規模初步形成。清乾隆十年(1745)，動用了大批人力、物力、財力，對香山進行了大規模建設，形成了盛清時期京西“三山五園”之一，即"靜宜園"。此時園內景物非凡，建築多樣，各式的亭台樓閣、廊軒館榭、牌坊、廟宇等分佈在山巒坡坎之上，掩映在茂林綠蔭之中。

香山四季美景不斷。如果把北京西郊比作北京現代化大都市的"後花園"。那麼,歷史悠久的香山公園便以"春天山花爛漫,夏日清爽宜人,深秋紅葉飄丹,冬林銀粧素裹"的自然景觀,成為北京西郊的綠谷"氧吧"。公園內樹木繁多,森林覆蓋率達96%，僅古樹名木就有5800餘株，佔北京城區的四分之一，公園具有獨特的"山川、名泉、古樹、紅葉"資源。香山紅葉馳名中外，1986年被評為"新北京十六景"之一，成為首都秋季最靚麗的一道景觀，每到深秋時節，數以萬計的中外遊客齊聚香山，共賞秋色。

也許各位會問，香山問什麼叫做香山呢?大家不妨猜猜看。

(可能是五花八門的答案，也可能，是有人知道的)

其實，香山的得名原因有三種説法，其一是：香山海拔557米，最高峯頂有一塊巨大的乳峯石，形狀像香爐，晨昏之際，雲霧繚繞，遠遠望去，猶如爐中香煙裊裊上升，故名香爐山，簡稱香山。

圓靈應現殿兩側各設罩子門一座。殿後高台之上，是“眼界寬”廠廳一座三間。正間外檐向東掛“眼界寬”匾一面，粉油藍字，乾隆寶。眼界寬南北接出遊廊，又似環爬山廊，曲折而上，與“青霞寄逸”樓相連。

青霞寄逸為兩層歇山頂，上下各三間的樓一座。下層前檐向東掛“青霞寄逸”匾一面，青地金字，乾隆寶。第二層，樓外檐向東掛“鷲峯雲湧”匾一面，青地金字，乾隆寶。]j_2PSJG

青霞寄逸樓下，靠壁建有“水月空明”殿一座三間。正殿外檐向東掛“水月空明”匾一面，綠地藍字，乾隆寶。

水月空明殿前建有“詹卜香林”六方亭式樓一座三間。第一層，亭外前檐向東掛“詹卜香林”匾一面，粉油藍字，乾隆寶。第二層，亭外前檐向東掛“無住法.輪”匾一面，粉油藍字，乾隆寶。第三層，內隔斷上掛“能仁妙覺”匾對一分，乾隆寶。亭外前檐向東掛“光明蓮界”匾一面，粉油藍字，乾隆寶。

雙清泉

雙清泉位於古老的香山寺腳下，為香山南山之水。根據《天府廣記》記載:“丹砂井在香山下，相傳為葛稚川丹井。二井，一泉水上湧，一泉水橫流，味及甘甜。”乾隆皇帝在香山靜宜園休息時，品嚐泉水，覺得清涼甘甜，連聲叫好，賜名為“雙清”，御筆題名命人刻在石壁上。雙清泉從雙清下流知樂濠、過瓔珞巖、流入帶水屏山(靜翠湖)，流入園外。

佳日亭

佳日亭是香山公園內結構最複雜的仿唐式亭台建築，它位於位於眼鏡湖南側，最初是拍攝電視劇《唐明皇》的時候搭建的一個道具，因其與周圍景緻極為協調，許多遊人在此爭先合影留念，而後改建為“佳日亭”。

見心齋

見心齋位於公園內北門內西側，是園中之園。始建於明嘉靖年間(1522-1566)頗具江南特色的園林庭院，清嘉慶年間續建。傳説是皇帝鑑證大臣是否對他忠心的地方，故名見心齋。院內半圓形水池三面環以圍廊彩畫，正殿見心齋正對知魚亭，齋後為正凝堂，魚池內1000多尾紅鯽錦鯉暢遊，使這別緻的小院充滿了生機。

昭廟

宗鏡大昭之廟，又稱“昭廟”，始建於乾隆四十五年(1780)七月。它是為迎接班禪六世來京向乾隆皇帝祝賀七十大大壽而建的，故世稱之為班禪行宮。乾隆四十五年九月十九日，宗鏡大昭之廟開光。六世班禪額爾德尼於乾隆四十五年九月二十日來到香山靜宜園，在其行宮內遊覽休息。乾隆四十五年十一月九年級日，班禪額爾德尼由於身染痘症，系毒火太盛，於戌時圓寂於西黃寺內。

雙清別墅

香山雙清別墅位於香山公園南麓的半山腰，環境幽雅，以其蒼翠的竹林、遮天蔽日的銀杏、挺拔的松柏、古樸的建築引人前往。然而真正使這個地方聞名天下的並不是她的秀麗風光，而是因為這裏曾是毛主席住過的地方，曾是中共中央的指揮中心，曾發生過扭轉中國命運決定中國前途的大事。黨的七屆二中全會在西柏坡勝利閉幕後，以農村包圍城市為戰略思想的毛澤東，實現了他的夙願，提出要大踏步地前進，到北平去!毛澤東主席風趣地説：“走啦，咱們這是進京趕考!”1949年3月25日中共中央從西柏坡遷入香山雙清。在雙清別墅，毛澤東主席指揮了渡江戰役，在這裏籌備了新政協，籌建了新中國，在這裏寫下了《人民解放軍佔領南京》等膾炙人口的不朽詩篇。1994年，雙清別墅被命名為“北京市青少年教育基地”。這裏有毛澤東當年生活工作過的原狀陳列;有毛澤東與愛子親切交談的地方----六角紅亭。有記錄一代偉人的《毛澤東在雙清活動展覽》……。《毛澤東在雙清活動展覽》由《從西柏坡到北平香山》、《毛澤東在雙清》、《領袖生活在香山》三部分組成，集中反映了毛澤東等老一輩無產階級革.命家運籌帷幄決勝千里之外的軍事才能，反映了老一輩無產階級革.命家艱苦奮鬥的革.命歷程。

雙清別墅是廣大青少年進行愛國主義和革.命傳統教育的校外課堂，是企事業單位、學校組織過主題黨日、團日、隊日活動的好場所。香山公園也充分利用這一資源，通過“我為雙清站一崗”、“愛北京，愛博物館”徵文等形式開展形式多樣的愛國主義教育活動，公園在雙清別墅設立了有關毛澤東的圖書和紀念品專櫃，增加播放“毛澤東在雙清”專題片和相關史料宣傳片。

碧雲寺

碧雲寺創建於1331年，至今已有近720_年的歷史，是國家級文物保護單位。碧雲寺原為元代開國元勛耶律楚材舍宅修建，原名碧雲庵，據説當初在修建時，正值碧空如洗，白雲出岫，可謂“碧色淨如雲”，於是命名。後經明清兩代多次修繕擴建才形成今天的規模，並於明正德年間改名為“碧雲寺”。1920_年，孫中山先生在京病逝，靈柩在碧雲寺停放，直到1920_年才移至南京的中山陵，為了永久緬懷一代偉人，寺內設有孫中山紀念堂和孫中山先生衣冠冢。

碧雲寺整組建築以排列在中軸線上的六進院落為主體，南北各配一組院落，層層殿堂依山勢迭起，由山門至金剛寶座塔，高度相差100餘米，總體佈局採用迥旋串連引人入勝的建造形式，每進院落各具特色，給人以層出不窮之感，院內香氣瀰漫，鐘磬聲悠，幡幢微蕩。

據史料記載，1748年，乾隆皇帝對碧雲寺進行了大規模的修建，在保存原有寺院的基礎上，修建了金剛寶座塔、羅漢堂和水泉院，由於原有建築無較大變動，因此碧雲寺建築和文物基本保留了明代風格。乾隆皇帝曾經在遊歷碧雲寺時題寫了“西山佛寺累百，惟碧雲以宏麗著稱……”的詩句(摘自《乾隆御製碧雲寺碑文》)，由此可知，碧雲寺在京西寺廟中具有很高的地位。

孫中山紀念堂

孫中山紀念堂座落在香山碧雲寺內，自1977年10月1日正式對遊人開放以來，成千上萬的社會各界人士紛紛前來瞻仰參觀，是革.命傳統教育和愛國主義教育的重要基地。紀念堂內正中安放着中國國民黨中央委員會暨全國各地中山學校敬獻的中山先生漢白玉全身塑像，左右牆壁上鑲嵌着用漢白玉雕刻的孫中山先生所寫的《致蘇聯遺書》，正廳西北隅陳列着1920_年3月30日蘇聯人民送來的玻璃蓋鋼棺，堂內還陳列着孫中山先生的遺墨、遺著。

正廳兩側的中山先生紀念堂展覽室集中反映了孫中山先生革.命的一生，為人們更好地瞭解中山先生的生平、生活暨革.命業績提供了珍貴、豐富的教材。第一展室內容分為六個部分：求學立志、致力革.命、推翻帝制、創建民國、討袁護法、偉大轉折。概括了中山先生為了追求真理，振興中華，經過艱苦卓絕的鬥爭，推翻了大清王朝，結束了封建帝制，開創了中國乃至亞洲民主共和的新紀元，將中國革.命推向了一個新的階段。第二展室分五個部分：抱病北上、病逝北京、暫厝香山、移靈南下、緬懷偉人。介紹了中山先生為了國家的和平統一，毅然抱病北上，直至生命的最後一息。

偉大的愛國者和革.命先行者孫中山先生，深受世界炎黃子孫崇敬和愛戴，黨的_大稱頌他是“中國百年鉅變的第一位偉人。”毛澤東曾説：“他全心全意地為了改造中國而耗費了畢生的精力，真是鞠躬盡瘁，死而後已。”孫中山先生為了祖國的和平和統一，四處奔走，直到生命的最後一刻。他癌魔纏身，不顧自己的安危，累死在北京、暫厝香山的過程就是集中的體現。1920_年10月，馮玉祥發動北京政變，電邀孫中山先生北上共謀國是。為了國家能和平統一，中山先生髮表了《北上宣言》，召開國民會議重申反對帝國主義和封建軍閥，廢除不平等條約。11月13日，中山先生毅然抱病由廣州北上。由於長途勞累，他的肝病發作，到達北京時，病情急劇惡化已是生命垂危。臨終之前，他立下了《國事》、《家事》、《致蘇聯政府》三個遺囑;彌留之際，他仍支撐精神掙扎着留下“和平……奮鬥……救中國 ”的遺言。

1920_年3月12日上午9時10分，孫中山先生在北京與世長辭。19日中山先生的靈櫬停放在中央公園(現中山公園)，社會各界隆重公祭後，於4月2日靈櫬移至香山碧雲寺金剛寶座塔石券門內暫厝。1920_年5月，南京中山陵落成。5月22日，宋慶齡及親屬、醫、衞，在這裏為中山先生斂服，復大斂於待奉移之銅棺，將更換出的中山先生的衣帽，放回原斂之楠木棺中，封入金剛寶座塔石塔內。在碧雲寺普明妙覺殿(現紀念堂)設靈堂，舉行了莊重的靈櫬奉移典禮。5月26日移靈南下，6月1日，中山先生的遺體於南京中山陵奉安禮成。為紀念中山先生遺體暫厝之地，時“國民政府”在普明妙覺殿立“總理紀念堂”，在金剛寶座塔石券門石塔立“總理衣冠冢”。新中國成立以後，人民政府重修碧雲寺後覆命名為“孫中山紀念堂”(宋慶齡題寫)和“孫中山先生衣冠冢”，以為後人瞻仰。

為人類社會進步作出貢獻的人永遠會活在人們的心中;而一切逆歷史潮流的人都沒有好下場，正如中山先生題詞的那樣“世界潮流浩浩蕩蕩，順之則昌，逆之則亡。”我們希望祖國早日統一，實現中華民族的偉大復興，以慰籍中山先生的赤膽忠心!

卓錫泉

碧雲寺卓錫泉是香山北源之水。卓錫泉在明代就很有名了。《長安客話》載:“水自寺後，石巖出，噴薄入小渠，人以卓錫明之。”卓錫泉得名傳説是一得道高僧，口渴至極，用帶錫制小環的禪杖，一卓(卓即點擊的意思)底下的石頭，石頭間湧出清泉，故名。有詩“跟深連地脈，溜曲繞珠寺”真切地描述了泉水折流寺院的情景。卓錫泉水點綴了“天水一色”，流入“能仁寂照”金魚池，出碧雲寺至眼鏡湖西坡上，小部分流如眼鏡湖，主流到見心齋，經昭廟方河，繞土山到勤政殿遺址後到月牙河，流入園外。

親愛的遊客朋友們，現在我們乘坐的是巴士四號汽車前往北京，觀賞世界歷史文化遺產之一——長城。很榮幸成為大家的導遊。如果有什麼問題，可以請教我。大家下車後一定要記住我們的車牌號，按規定時間返回。祝大家旅行愉快。

現在我先給大家介紹一下長城吧!長城是修築在陡峭的山嶺之間，它從東頭的山海關一直修築到西頭的嘉峪關，全長共有一萬三千多公里。它是中華人民力量和智慧的結晶，它是中華民族即將騰飛的巨龍的象徵。遊客們，我們的車已經停到八達嶺上了。請看正前面有一塊(兒)石碑，上面有八達嶺幾個紅字，大家可以把它拍下來，做為一個到八達嶺的留念。

遊客們，我們來到了長城的腳下。請大家低頭看看腳下，它是由一塊塊灰色的巨磚砌成的，十分平整，五六匹馬也可以並行。讓我們抬起頭來，長城就像蜿蜒的巨龍卧在連綿起伏的崇山峻嶺之間雄偉壯觀。八達嶺長城共有六個烽火台。烽火台共有三個門，其中中間一個最大，它的上面有許多小方塊圍成的一個正方形。古代時，在那裏點火，表示那裏有危險。這些烽火台可以在兩至三個小時之間將情報傳到數千裏以外的地方。烽火台分兩層，上層是眺望台，下層是士兵吃飯和睡覺的地方，可見烽火台在當時的軍事中着多麼重要的作用啊!

遊客們，再往下走我們就到“好漢坡”了，“好漢坡”是指只有好漢才能登上的險坡，是八達嶺的必經之路，讓我們go!

經過好漢坡，就到峯頂了。遊客們，當我們站在峯頂看看這前不見頭，後不見尾的巨龍的時候，真為我國古代勞動人民的無比智慧感到自豪和驕傲吧!

我們的長城之旅到此為止，希望大家有時間還來長城，也希望我的講解能給大家留下深刻的印象!byebye!

大家好，我是這次旅遊的導遊，我姓*，大家可以叫我*導!

現在快到目的地--北京天壇，所以我先給大家將一些注意事項：“禮貌、衞生、秩序、眼看手勿動、禁止亂塗亂畫”這五點，記得哦!

乘客們，旅遊景點已到，請大家有秩序的下車!現在我們來到了天壇的正門，這裏是皇帝前來祭祀時進出的大門。現在，就讓我一一地為大家介紹吧!

天壇，1998年11月被列入《世界遺產名錄》。它位於北京城南端，是明、清兩代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈禱五穀豐收的地方。天壇不僅是中國古建築中的明珠，也是世界建築史上的瑰寶。

天壇東西長1700米，南北寬1600米，種面積為273萬平方米。天壇包括圜丘和祈谷二壇，圍牆分內外兩層，呈回字形。北圍牆為孤圓形，南圍牆與東西牆成直角相交，為方形。這種南方北圓，，通稱“天地牆”，象徽古代“天圓地方”之説。

以上就是天壇的故事，時間不早了，現在，大家自由參觀拍照吧!--轉眼間，我們的北京天壇一日遊又結束了，大家有秩序的坐車回家吧!

你們看，我們來到了雄偉的故宮，故宮又稱紫禁城，是明清兩代的皇宮;故宮是世界上規模最大最完整的古代木結構建築羣，為我們國家最大的古建築羣。它使建於明永樂(公元14XX年)，XX年才完工呢，有24位皇帝在此登基。“好了，我們現在準備去大殿裏，請遊客朋友們跟上隊伍，千萬別掉隊，否則走丟了，就找不到我們了!”好，現在跟隨我進入大殿，故宮有三座大殿：太和殿，中和殿和保和殿。大殿建在漢白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，遠望猶如神話的瓊宮仙闕。太和殿是最富麗堂皇的建築，俗稱“金鑾殿”，是皇上舉行大典的地方，這座殿高28米，東西63米，西北35米，有直徑達1米的大柱92根，其中6根圍繞御座的瀝粉金漆的潘龍柱。御座設在殿內高2米的台上，前有造型，美觀的仙鶴，爐，鼎，後面精雕細刻的圍屏。整個大殿裝飾得金碧輝煌，莊嚴絢麗。中和殿是皇上去太和殿舉行大典前稍事休息和演習禮儀的地方，保和殿是每年除夕皇帝賜宴外潘王公的場所。遊客朋友們先休息一下，觀賞下這三個大殿，可以摸一摸，等下我們去內延，以乾清宮，交泰殿，坤寧宮為中心，東西兩翼有東六宮和西六宮，是皇上平日辦事和妃子居住的地方。“好，今天的活動到此結束!祝大家玩得開心”

各位遊客：大家好!歡迎大家到八達嶺景區觀光旅遊。今天有幸陪同大家一起參觀，我很高興，望各能在八達嶺度過一段美好的時光。

長城是世界聞名的奇蹟之一，它像一條巨龍盤踞在中國北方的遼闊的土地上。它是中國古代勞動人民血法的結晶，也是中國古代文化的象徵和中華民族的驕傲。

遊客們，我們已經來到了着名的八達嶺長城，您向遠處看，可以發現這裏的長城分為南、北兩峯，蜿蜒于山脊之上，龍騰虎躍、氣象萬千，景色十分壯觀。往下面看是有兩個門洞和u字形的城牆緞怕讞甕城。在甕城牆上內外兩面都有垛口牆，四面拒敵。倘若敵人攻破關門湧入城內，將受到四面守城將圍殲，敵人如落甕中。甕城是長城的一個重要組成部分。它一般都建在地形險要的交通要道上。八達嶺的甕城也不例外。建在山脊上，受地形限制，依山就勢，東低西高，東窄西寬，僅有5000平方米。甕城內無井，水源缺乏，平常駐兵不多，守城部隊駐在西北三裏的岔道城。甕城中原有一座"察院公館"，是供皇帝路過駐蹕或官員停留住宿的。甕城兩門之間相距63.9米，西門楣題額"北門鎖鑰"，它的用意我在前面已經講過。

城門洞上，古進安裝有巨大的雙扇木門，門內安裝有木頂柱和鎖閂。平時，大門敞開，行人商旅自由出入;戰時城門緊閉，嚴實堅固;一旦發出反擊號令，城門洞又是千軍萬馬發起衝鋒的出口。甕城的東門楣題額為"居庸外填"，修建於明嘉靖十八年。在"居庸外鎮"關城的城台上，原來嵌有一塊石碑，為明朝萬曆年間刻制。從碑文可以看一帶長城，先後經80多年時間才完成。這碑中還記錄着修築長城的時間、長度、主持官和管工頭、燒頭、窯匠頭、泥瓦匠頭和名字，以明確責任。站在城上向下看，我們中以看到來往不斷的車輛和從門洞穿過的遊人。這裏不僅是古代重要的軍事防禦關口，而且也是交通要道。從這裏南通昌平、北京，北去延慶，西北往宣化、張家口，"路從此分，四通八達"。八達嶺也因此得名。

我們往右下方看，在登城口的南側陳列着一門大炮，名為"這時威大將軍"。這門炮炮身長2.85米，口徑105毫米，由於中炮身上鑄有"敕賜神威大將"而得名。字最大的射程是500多米，可見當時的軍工業是比較發達的。

從關城城台到南峯的最高處南4樓，城牆長685.8米，高度上升142.4米，特別是南3樓至南4樓之間，山脊狹窄，山勢陡峭，長城逶迤400多米。城頂最險處，坡度約為70度，幾乎是直上直下。南1樓和南2樓，都沒有修復二層，從南3樓遺存的柱礎看，原來也有鋪房。

南峯長城以南4樓地勢最高，海拔803.6米。登樓眺望，長城自西南向東北蜿蜓于山脊之上，宛如蒼龍，宏偉壯觀。使人不由得想起我國着名的長城專家羅哲文先生登臨八達嶺長城時詠的詩;千峯疊翠擁居庸，山北山南處處峯。鎖鑰北門天設險，半哉峻嶺走長龍。從南4樓到南7樓，高度逐漸下降。南5樓與南6樓之間在長城的內側距城牆30米的山脊上，聳立着一座白色的小亭，這就是1987年6月落成的"貴州省修復長城紀念碑亭"。南6樓是一座鋪房，鋪房建在上層的頂上，面闊三間，硬山頂，紅柱子，灰色瓦，小巧玲瓏。這大概是當年"千總"的指揮所。

今天的長城，早已失去軍事價值，而以其特有的魅力，吸引着廣大中外遊客，成為舉世聞名的旅遊勝地。隨着旅遊業的發展，長城這一中華民族的象徵，全世界重要的文化遺產，會煥發出新的生機。以更優質的旅遊服務、更優美的旅遊環境迎接着大家的到來!

Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen:

My name is ___. I’m very honored to be youre guide. I do hope all of youcould like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. This morning weare going to visit the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace is located on thenorthwest suburbs of Beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of thecity. So it will take us about 1 hour to get there. Before we arrived at theSummer Palace, I would like to introduce you a brief introduction of thewoderful imperial garden. The Summer Palace is the most beautiful and thelargest imperial garden existing in Chinan, and it is the best-preservedimperial garden in the world. In 1998, it was placed on the List of WorldCultural Heritage by the UNESCO.

The Summer Palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of12th century in the Jin Dynasty. The construction continued to the Yuan and Mingdynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached itsculmination. During Emperor Qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘Three Hills and FiveGardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of Beijing. The Summer Palace was apart of it and at that time was called the Garden of Clear Ripples. In 1860, theAnglo-French Allied Forces invaded Beijing. The ‘Three Hills and Five Gardens’were burnt down to ashes.

In 1888, the Empress Dowager Cixi spent the navy fund having the Garden ofClear Ripples rebuilt. And then she renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony(Summer Palace).

In 1900, the Allied Forces of Eight Powers invaded Beijing. The SummerPalace was once again severely damaged. It was rebuilt again in 1902.

In 1924, the Last Emperor Puyi was driven out of the palace, after that,the Summer Palace was turned into a public park.

Ladies and Gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an is called “Emptiness and the collection of excellence”, and it is the firstscenery of the Summer Palace. The two Chinese words on the front side of thearchway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. Thetwo words on the back side mean Collection of Excellence and refer to thetranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.

(outside the East Palace Gate)

Now, we have arrived at the East Palace Gate. It’s the main entrance of theSummer Palace. On top of the gate there is a plaque with three Chinesecharacters ‘The Summer Palace’ in Emperor Guangxu’s handwriting. The gate thatwe are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the olddays.

(Inside the East Palace Gate)

Now we are inside the Summer Palace. In front of us is the second gate ofthe Summer Palace— the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity. The annex halls onboth sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the Privy , Before we start our tour in the garden, I will briefly introduce you thelayout of the Summer Palace and our tour route. O.K., ladies and gentlemen, mayI have your attention please? Let’s look at the map together, From it we can seethe Summer Palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies thethree-fourths. The whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was forpolitical activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeingareas. Our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and endoff the Marble Boat. On the way, we will visit the main constructions of theSummer Palace, such as the Hall of Jade Ripples, the Hall of Happiness andLongevity, the Long Corridor, the Hall of Dispelling Clouds and so on. It willtake us about two hours to visit the Summer Palace. Please attention, we won’twalk back and our driver will pick us up at the North Gate. Should you get lostor separated from the group, please meet us at the North Gate.

Ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the Hallof Benevolence and Longevity. Follow me please.

(Inside the courtyard of the Benevolence and Longevity)

Passing through the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity, we have alreadyentered the courtyard of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. The huge rock infront of us is Taihu Rock. It was quarried from Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province,so it was known as Taihu Rock. Please look around the courtyard and you can seethere are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard,representing the four seasons of the year. The Taihu Rocks are usually used asdecoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak andpenetration in characters.

The bronze mythical animal behind the Taihu Rock is known as Suanni or somepeople call it Qilin. According to ancient Chinese mythology, the dragon hadnine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. Suanni was one of the ninesons of the dragon. It was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits inancient lengeds. Suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hoovesof ox and the tail of lion.

(In front of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity)

This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. It was firstbuilt in 1750. The name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘Lun Yu’ byConfucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life.”This hall was the place where Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi heldaudience and handled state affairs when they were in the Summer Palace. Forprotecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. So I wouldlike to briefly introduce you the decorations in the Hall of Benevolence andLongevity. The arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. In the middle ofthe hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on design. Thereare two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacockfeathers. Behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame andglass mirror inlaid. On the mirror there are 226 Chinese characters of the word‘Longevity’ written in different styles. There are two scrolls on each side ofthe wall with a big Chinese character ‘Longevity’ written on it. It was saidthat the word ‘Longevity’ written by Empress Dowager Cixi. There are 100 batspainted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.

Well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of adragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. They were used to burn incense sticksto create the appropriate atmosphere. In the old days, the dragon and phoenixwere the symbol of the emperor and empress. According to ritual, the dragonsshould be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front ofthe ver, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes arein the middle. This was a product of the end of Qing Dynasty when EmpressDowager Cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.

(At the entrance of Garden of virtuour Harmony)

We are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony, where Emperor Qianlongand Empress Dowager Cixi were entertained with Bejing Opera performances. Itmainly consists of the Dressing House, the Grand Theater Building and the Hallof Pleasure Smile. The Grand Theater Building was known as the ‘Cradle ofBeijing Opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. There are 7exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.

(In front of the Grand Theater Building)

This is the Grand Theater Building. Of the three main theater buildings ofthe Qing Dynasty, the Grand Theater Building is the tallest and largest one. Theother two are Changyin Pavilion in the Forbidden City and Qingyin Pavilion inthe Mountain Resort in Chengde. The Grand Theater Building, a three-storiedstructure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. It is 21 meters high and 17meters wide. Performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. Thetop one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and thebottom stage was named longevity stage. Each level has the entrance and theexit. There are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestialbeing’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to setoff a certain atmosphere on the stage. There is also a well and five ponds builtunder the stage for a good effect of water scenes. The stage is open to threesides.

Well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the GrandTheater Building, it’s the Hall of Pleasure Smile. The Empress Dowager Cixi usedbo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the Peking Opera.

(A lakeside walk from the Garden of virtuous Harmony to the Hall of JadeRipples)

We are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall ofBenevolence and Longevity. It appears that there’s nothing special ver, after we clear the rockery, we will reach Kunming Lake. This is anapplication of a specific style of Chinese

gardening.

Now, we are walking along the bank of the Kunming Lake. Look over there,not far away in the lake there is an islet. It’s called the Spring HeraldingIslet. The pavilion on the islet is called the Spring Heralding Pavilion. Anumber of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. In earlyspring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms,willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has e the name ‘Heralding Sping Pavilion’.

(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)

This group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the Hall of JadeRipples. The words “Jade Ripples” came from a verse “Gentle ripples gushing outof Jade Spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. It was firstused by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state affairs. In the late Qing Dynasty,it was where Emperor Guangxu was put under house arrest.

This hall is a hallmark of the Movement of 1898. Emperor Guangxu wasEmperor Dowager Cixi’s nephew. After Emperor Tongzhi died, Emperor Dowager Ciximade her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order tocontinue her hold on imperial power. She ‘handled state affairs behind thescreen’. After Emperor Guangxu ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the 1898, the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the coreprinciples of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated laws. The movementlasted for103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi. It wascalled the ‘Hundred-Day Reform’. After the reform failed, Emperor Guangxu wasput under house arrest here. For the strict control of him, Empress Dowager Cixiordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and leftof the Hall of Jade Ripples. At that time the hall was entirely sealed up, justlike a prison. Today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room stillmaintain its original appearance. It is open to visitors as the relic related tothe 1898 Reform Movement.

(In front of the Chamber of Collecting Books)

This is the Chamber of Collecting Books. In Chinese, it’s called “Yi YunGuang”. “Yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. In ancient times, it was usually usedas termite repellent in rooms where books were the Emperor Qianlong’sreign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. Later it was convertedinto a residence. There used to be the residence of Guangxu’s Empress Longyu,and his favorite concubine Zhenfei.

(In the Hall of Happiness and Longevity)

This group of courtyard is the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. It was themajor architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence ofEmpress Dowager Cixi. The whole compound was basically made of wood, which isideal for ventilation and lighting. With its quiet and tasteful layout, the Hallof Happiness and Longevity made life very easy and convenient. In front of theHall of Happiness and Longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle ofthis courtyard named “Qing Zhi Xiu” and nicknamed as “Family Bankruptcy Rock” huge rock was discovered in Fangshan District by a Ming official MiWanzhong. He wanted to transport it to his own garden “Shaoyuan”. In the olddays, transporting such rock was very difficult. After spending all his money toship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. The big rock was then left onthe roadside somewhere near Liangxiang County, 30 kilometers southwest ofBeijing. Hence it was nicknamed “Family Bancruptcy Rock”. Later Emperor Qianlongdiscovered it and transported to the Garden of Clear Ripples and laid in frontof the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. The colorful glass chandeliers hanginginside the hall was introduced from Germany in 1903. It is one of the earliestelectric lights in China.

(In front of the Gate of Inviting the Moon of the Long Corridor)

Ladies and Gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in theworld, such as the Louvre in France and the Museum of Great Britain. Now I willshow you a special gallery in the palace—the Long Corridor. In 1990, the LongCorridor was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as ‘the longestpainted corridor’ in the world’. It would be a pity if we leave the SummerPalace without visiting the Long Corridor and the Marble Boat. Now, here we go,the Long Corridor first!

(Strolling along the Long Corridor)

The Long Corridor starts from the Gate Inviting the Moon to the ShizhangGate. It is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. The Long corridor isone of the major structures of the Summer Palace. Since the corridor wasdesigned to follow the physical features of the southern slope of LongevityHill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( Retaining the GoodnessPavilion, Living with the Ripples Pavilion, Autumn Water Pavilion, Clear and FarPavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of ayear. Thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. As amajor part of the architectural style of the Summer Palace, the Long Corridorserves as an ingenious connector between the Lake and the Hill. Scatteredbuildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified complex.

The Long Corridor is the longest covered veranda in any Chinese garden. Onthe purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 Suzhou stylepaintings. Among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes ofWest Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Beside the colorful paintings ofnatural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects,mythology and figures. The paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancientChinese classical literature, such as ‘Pilgrimage to the West’, ‘The Romance ofthe Three Kingdoms’, ‘The western Chamber’, “Water Margin’, and ‘The Dream ofthe Red Mansion’.

(In front of the Gate of Dispelling Clouds)

Now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakesideslope, the Tower of Buddhist Incense within the Hall of Dispelling Clouds. Thecentral axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the Sea of Wisdom ontop of the Hill. The main architectural structures here are the Gate ofDispelling Clouds, Hall of Dispelling clouds, Tower of Buddhist Incense and theSea of Wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. Thelayout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in Buddhistsutras. This group of structures are among the most magnificently constructedhere in the Summer Palace. This is a good place to taking photos, we will stayhere for about 15 minutes.

Now we are walking continuely along the Long Corridor, the next scene weare going to visit is Marble Boat.

Look over there! Halfway up the slope there stands the Hall of Listening toOrioles. It was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and courtmusic. It is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. Before the Garden ofVirtuous Harmony was built, Empress Dowager Cixi enjoyed opera and music the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in China, featuring imperialdishes and desserts.

This is the famous Marble Boat. A famous scientist of China’s Eastern HanDynasty once said, “Water can float the boat, but it can also tip it over.” Aprime minister of Tang Dynasty Wei Zheng once used these words to persuade LiShimin, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He said people are water and theemperor is the boat. People can support a good emperor. However, they also canoverthrow the dynasty. Emperor Qianlong built this huge boat in the Garden inorder to make the allusion concrete. On one hand, Emperor Qianlong encouragedhimself to run the country well. On the other hand, he wanted to show that hisrule of the Qing Dynasty was as firm as the Marble Boat and there was no fear ofoverturning the boat. The Marble Boat was the place for Emperor Qianlong tosample tea and enjoy the scenery of Kunming Lake. Emperor Qianlong once camehere to engage in the freeing of captive animals. In the times of Qianlong, theMarble Boat was a Chinese styled stone boat with a Chinese style woodensuperstructure on the top of it. When it was rebuilt in the times of Guangxu, aforeign and Chinese elements mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to theboat, one on each side. The floor was paved with colored bricks. All of thewindows were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. A big mirror was installed onthe superstructure for viewing rain.

Our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the Marble Boat. Today weonly visited the major scenic spots of the Summer Palace. I have left otherspots of interest for your next visit. I will now show you out through the RuyiGate. Our coach is waiting for us outside the gate. I do hope you enjoyedtoday’s tour. Thank you.

盧溝橋

位於廣安門外豐台區，距離市中心約20公里。該橋因跨越盧溝河(今永定河)而得名。

盧溝橋位列中國三大古代名橋之首，是國家重點文物保護單位。另外兩座是河北的趙州橋和泉州的洛陽橋。

歷史：

盧溝橋始建於金大定二十九年(1189年)，迄今已經有八百餘年的歷史。

該橋所跨越的盧溝渡口是當時進出都城的唯一門户，原有的浮橋和木橋等臨時性交通設施已經不能適應都城所在地的交通狀況，為此，建了一座耐用的大石橋，即盧溝橋，初名廣利橋。

建築：

盧溝橋是一座有11拱的大石橋，全長266.5米，橋面寬度為9.3米，橋身用巨大的白石砌成。橋墩砌築為船型，其前有名為"斬龍劍"的分水尖，用於抵禦急流。該橋的建築設計先進，製造精良。

盧溝橋的建築裝飾亦別具特色。橋欄為高達近一米半的的281根望柱與欄板連接而成，每根望柱頂端都刻有一個大獅，它的身上攀附有形象各異、或藏或露的小獅子，於是民間便有"盧溝橋的石獅數不清"的歇後語。根據考古工作隊的勘察，已知共有大小石獅485只。

盧溝曉月--燕京八景之一

始於金代的燕京八景之説，盧溝曉月即是其中一景。

橋的東端有碑亭，石碑為清代乾隆皇帝所書，正面為"盧溝曉月"，背面為盧溝橋詩。

陶然亭公園是以北京城南隅的燕京名勝陶然亭為中心規劃設計修建的一座城市園林。1952年建園，因陶然亭是中國四大名亭之一,公園因此亭而得名。佔地59公頃，其中水面17公頃。它是中華人民共和國建國後，首都北京最早興建的一座現代園林。其地為燕京名勝，素有“都門勝地”之譽，年代久遠，史蹟斑駁。名聞遐邇的陶然亭、慈悲庵就坐落在這裏。秀麗的園林風光，豐富的文化內涵，光輝的革命史蹟，使她成為旅遊觀光勝地。

清康熙三十四年(1695年)，工部郎中江藻奉命監理黑窯廠，他在慈悲庵西部構築了一座小亭，並取白居易詩“更待菊黃家釀熟，與君一醉一陶然”句中的“陶然”二字為亭命名。這座小亭頗受文人墨客的青睞，被譽為“周侯藉卉之所，右軍修禊之地”，更被全國各地來京的文人視為必遊之地。清代200餘年間，此亭享譽經久，長盛不衰，成為都中一勝。

園內慈悲庵始創於元代，又稱觀音庵，清康熙三十四年(1695年)監管窯廠的工部侍郎江藻在慈悲庵內建亭,並取唐代詩人白居易“更待菊黃家釀熟,與君一醉一陶然”詩意,為亭題名“陶然”。這裏自然景色優美,成為文人墨客宴遊觴詠之地。

陶然亭是清代名亭，現為中國的四大歷史名亭之一。清康熙三十四年，工部郎中江藻監管黑窯廠時見“面西有陂池，多水草，極望清幽，無一點塵埃氣”，在此建小亭。數年後“徹亭而軒”，取名唐代詩人白居易的詩句：“更待菊黃家釀熟，與君一醉一陶然”的“陶然”二字。陶然亭公園以及陶然亭地區名稱就是以此得名的。此亭面闊三間，進深一間半，面積90平方米。亭上有蘇式彩繪，屋內樑棟飾有山水花鳥彩畫。兩根大梁上繪《彩菊》、《八仙過海》、《太白醉酒》、《劉海戲金蟾》。

陶然亭周圍，有許多著名的歷史勝蹟。西北有龍樹寺，寺內有蒹葭簃、天倪閣、看山樓、抱冰堂等建築，名流常於此遊憩，其知名度在清道光之後，堪與陶然亭相匹。東南有黑龍潭、龍王亭、哪吒廟、刺梅園、祖園;西南有風氏園;正北有窯台;東北有香冢、鸚鵡冢，以及近代的醉郭墓、賽金花墓等。這些歷史勝蹟產生年代多早於陶然亭，有的甚至早於慈悲庵。它們都有文人墨客觴詠的歷史，曾現過各領風騷的輝煌時期。

近代的陶然亭，有着光輝的歷史篇章。“五·四”運動前後，中國共產黨的創始人和領導人李大釗、毛澤東、周恩來曾先後來陶然亭進行革命活動。1920xx年1月18日，毛澤東與“輔社”在京成員，集會商討驅逐湖南軍閥張敬堯的鬥爭，會後在慈悲庵山門外大槐樹前合影留念。1920xx年8月16日，天津“覺悟社”、北京“少年中國學會”等進步團體，在北廳討論“五·四”以後革命鬥爭的方向以及各團體聯合鬥爭的問題。1920xx年7、8月間，李大釗通過《少年中國學會》會員陳愚生，以其夫人金綺新葬於陶然亭畔守夫人墓為名，租賃慈悲庵南房兩間，在此進行祕密活動，到1920xx年間，鄧中夏、惲代英、高君宇等常來參加會議。

現代的陶然亭公園，是一座融古建與現代造園藝術為一體的以突出中華民族亭文化為主要內容的現代新型城市園林。園內林木葱蘢，花草繁茂，樓閣參差，亭台掩映，景色宜人。湖心島上，有錦秋墩、燕頭山，與陶然亭成鼎足之勢。錦秋墩頂有錦秋亭，其地為花仙祠遺址。亭南山麓有“玫瑰山”，其地為原香冢、鸚鵡冢、賽金花墓遺址。亭北山麓靜謐的松林中，有著名的高君宇、石評梅墓。燕頭山頂有覽翠亭，與錦秋亭對景，亭西南山下建澄光亭，於此望湖觀山，最為相宜。亭北山下為常青軒。

1985年修建的華夏名亭園是陶然亭公園的“園中之園”。採用集中旅遊資源的方法，精選國內名亭仿建而成。有“醉翁亭”、“蘭亭”、“鵝池碑亭”、“少陵草堂碑亭”、“滄浪亭”、“獨醒亭”、“二泉亭”、“吹台”、“浸月亭”、“百坡亭”等十餘座。這些名亭都是以1：1的比例仿建而成，亭景結合，相得益彰。流連園內，有如歷巴山楚水之間，或遊吳越錦繡之鄉的感覺，歷史文化內涵更加深邃。廣大遊客不勞遠徒跋涉即可領略中華民族建築藝術和人文景觀。

陶然亭公園還設有遊船、水上樂園、兒童娛樂城、迷高樂、遊樂場、餐廳、陶然花園酒店及商業網點等綜合性設施。熱忱歡迎中外賓客觀光、遊覽。

哈嘍!大家好，我是棒棒糖旅行社的導遊，我姓樓，名子凡，大家就叫我小樓吧!我們今天要旅行的是長城，希望大家和我一起度過一段美好時光。

北京有八達嶺長城、慕田峪長城、居庸關長城、箭扣長城、司馬台長城，今天，我們要爬的是居庸關長城。

居庸關長城周長4000餘米，這還只是長城的一部分呢!長城東起山海關，西至嘉峪關，有一萬三千多裏。相傳秦始皇修築長城時，將囚犯、士卒和強徵來的民夫徙居於此，後名“徙居庸徒”之意，故名居庸關。因為它旁邊的山上樹木葱鬱，山花爛漫，景色瑰麗，所以大家都把它稱為“居庸疊翠”。

我們先來到“天下第一雄關”，這是一塊石碑，上面刻着“天下第一雄關”的字樣，中國有兩個“天下第一雄關”，一個是長城重點嘉峪關，另一個就是居庸關，原本居庸關不是“天下第一雄關”，因為這段長城是很重要的一道關口，所以後來也被稱為“天下第一雄關”，有興趣的遊客可以拍個照，不過請快一點，待會兒就要爬長城了。

大家跟上，爬長城不要掉隊。長城很陡，注意安全。大家看，這種凹凸不平的牆叫垛子，上面有瞭望口和射口，供瞭望和射擊用。看見那些城台沒?是屯兵的堡壘，每當打仗時，受到傷害的士兵可以在裏面做臨時治療。

接下來，我們來到城台下，大家可以進去參觀一下古代屯兵的城台，注意不要亂塗亂畫，這可是古代的歷史文物呢!

加油，到頂了!這裏很涼爽，很舒服，為什麼長城斷開了?因為山脈和河流的阻擋因此而斷開的，大家休息一下，半小時後會合。

今天旅程到此結束，希望聽了我的講解後大家對長城有更好的瞭解，再見!

Beijing is located at 39 ° 56 ′ N and 116 ° 20 ′ E. It is located at thenorthwest end of the North China Plain, in the west, North and northeast. It issurrounded by Taihang Mountain (West Mountain), Jundu mountain and Yanshanmountain, which makes it look like a "bay", so it has been called "Beijing bay"since ancient times.

Beijing, the capital of the people's Republic of China, is the center ofpolitics, culture, transportation, tourism and international exchanges. The cityconsists of 11 districts and 7 counties. The total area is 16800 squarekilometers, of which the urban area covers 1040 square kilometers. Thepopulation is 11.5 million. Beijing is the first of the four municipalitiesdirectly under the central government in China.

Beijing has a north temperate continental monsoon climate with fourdistinct seasons. Spring flowers, autumn moon, summer rain and winter snow arethe different characteristics of each season. No matter when you come to Beijingfor sightseeing, you will have charming wind colors. Beijing has shorter springand autumn, longer summer and winter. January is colder, the average temperatureis - 4.7 ℃, July is slightly hot, the average temperature is 26.1 ℃. The averageannual rainfall is 650 mm and the frost free period is 180 days. It has aprominent geographical location, magnificent mountains and rivers, fertile landand rich products, so it has always been regarded as the treasure land ofChina.

Beijing has a written history of more than 3000 years and a long history ofurban construction. As far back as 700000-500000 years ago, this is thebirthplace of human ancestors, and Peking man has been breeding in Zhoukoudianand other places in southwest Beijing. In 586 BC, the state of Yan, the Marquisof the Zhou Dynasty, established its capital here, named "Ji". From then on, thename of "Yanjing" has been passed down to the present. After the third centuryB.C., it was an important northern town in the Qin, Han, Sui and Tang the beginning of the 10th century, the Qidan people in Northeast Chinaestablished the Liao Dynasty and took it as the capital, Nanjing. In 1125, theNuzhen nationality rose, destroyed the Liao Dynasty and built the Jin officially established its capital, named Zhongdu, and built 36 luxuriouspalaces. The central capital was in the area of Guang'anmen today, but it wasdestroyed in 1215. In this year, the Mongols in the north of China movedsouthward, successively destroyed the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty,which avoided Hangzhou, and unified China. In 1267, the Yuan Dynasty rebuilt thecapital city with the JinDynasty Daning Palace (now Beihai Park) as the center,and renamed it Dadu, which is the predecessor of today's old Beijing city. In1368, the peasant uprising army led by Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan Dynastyand established the Ming Dynasty. The capital of the Ming Dynasty was located inNanjing, which was renamed Beiping. In 1403, Zhu Di won the throne, moved hiscapital to Peking, and changed its name to Beijing. After 15 years ofconstruction, the Forbidden City was completed in 1420 and the capital wasofficially moved to Beijing in 1421. In 1644, the Qing army entered the pass,the Ming Dynasty perished, and the Qing Dynasty also established its capital inBeijing. Each dynasty has established its capital here for more than 800 r the founding of new China in 1949, the old Beijing gained a new life andwas determined as the capital of new China.

The ancient city of Beijing, after the great creation of the working peopleof the past dynasties, has left a splendid culture of the Chinese nation. Thearchitectural layout of the whole city takes the Forbidden City as the centerand runs through an 8 km long central axis from south to north. Before and afterthe dynasty, zuozu and YouSHE (Taimiao and sheji altar); the streets arevertical and horizontal, the temples are brilliant; the temples are magical, thegardens are magnificent; the rivers and lakes are winding, the scenery ispicturesque. The whole city has both plane layout and three-dimensional shape,which is not only a model of Chinese ancient capital, but also occupies a veryimportant position in the history of world urban construction. Beijing hasalways been famous for its rich places of interest and charming natural are the world's wonders of the Great Wall, the world's most imperial palacecomplex, beautiful classical gardens, as well as magnificent temples,mausoleums, pagodas, stone carvings and so on. Moreover, Shidu, Songshan,Longqing gorge, Shihua Cave and other natural landscapes, as well as manyhistorical sites such as the May 4th Movement in 1919, are all touristattractions that people can enjoy and forget to return.

在座的各位遊客大家好!我是大家的導遊小趙，今天，我將帶領大家去遊覽北京的香山公園。

香山公園位於北京西北郊西山東麓，東南距市中心28公里。最高點為香爐峯，海拔557米，俗稱“鬼見愁”。

香山山頂有巨石兩塊，叫乳峯石。其形酷似“香爐”，周圍又常有云霧瀰漫，如裊裊升空的香煙，香山由此得名。香山景色秀麗，名勝遍佈，風光旖旎，極富自然野趣。秋來黃櫨換裝，漫山紅遍，如火如荼，此即“香山紅葉”，是燕京八景之一。香山冬天的景色也很迷人，每當冬雪初晴，一片銀粧素裹，分外妖嬈，舊燕京八景之一的“西山晴雪”就指這裏。

香山寺，在香山公園內蟾蜍峯北。金大定二十六年(1186年)建，金世宗賜名大永安寺，為香山諸寺之首，“靜宜園”二十八景之一。後遭英法聯軍和八國聯軍焚燬，僅存石階，石坊柱、石屏等遺蹟，唯有寺內的“聽法鬆”依然屹立。香爐峯，俗稱鬼見愁。在香山公園西部。此峯高峻陡削，攀登不易，在峯頂可飽覽香山全景。近年已建有纜車索道，牽引登山。雙清別墅在香山公園內香山寺下。這裏原有兩股清泉，相傳金章宗時稱夢感泉。清乾隆在泉旁石崖上題刻“雙清” 二字。

1920xx年熊希齡在此修建別墅，並以此為名。別墅淡雅幽靜，山水樹石順其自然。清泉大聚一池，池邊有亭，亭後有屋，屋旁有竹，竹影扶疏，秀麗非凡。在此春日賞花，酷夏避暑，秋觀紅葉，寒冬踏雪，四季景色綺麗，稱為香山“園中園”。眼鏡湖，在香山公園北門內。兩泓平靜的湖水由一座白石拱橋相聯，形似眼鏡，故此得名。湖的北側山石疊嶂，峯巒崛起。一洞之上，流泉直下，恰似珠簾垂掛的水簾洞。山花芳草在溝壑石縫和小溪池水旁爭奇鬥豔，古柏蒼松、老槐垂柳交匯成一片清蔭。見心齋在香山公園北門內西側，毗鄰眼鏡湖。建於明嘉靖年間，幾經修葺，是座頗具江南風味的庭院。

香山庭院中心是一平圓形水池，清洌的泉水從石雕的龍口中注入，夏來新荷婷立，金魚嬉戲。池東、南、北三面迴廊環抱，內有一小亭伸入池中。池西有軒榭三間，即見心齋。齋後山石嶙峋，松柏交翠。整個庭院清靜幽雅，使人留連忘返。當年乾隆帝曾在此讀書和賜宴臣僚。

昨天，記者從有關部門瞭解到，北京在擁有一個國家級自然保護區的基礎上，準備再申請將百花山晉升為國家級自然保護區。

據瞭解，百花山市級自然保護區建於1985年，位於門頭溝區清水鎮境內，總面積2.17公頃，其中核心區面積0.68公頃，屬於森林生態系統類型自然保護區，是本市目前面積最大的高等植物和珍稀野生動物自然保護區。百花山動、植物資源豐富，素有華北“天然動植物園”之稱，有4個植被類型，10個森林羣落，植物種類有130科、485屬、1100種，其中藥用植物400餘種。動物種類170種，有國家一級保護動物金錢豹、褐馬雞、黑鸛、金雕，國家二級保護動物斑羚、勺雞，市級保護動物50餘種。

各位團友，我們眼前一前一後兩座高大的建築就是鐘鼓樓。鐘鼓樓坐落在北京南北中軸線北端，即今天的東城區地安門外大街，是全國重點文物保護單位。兩樓前後縱置，氣勢雄偉，巍峨壯觀，佔地約13000平方米。

鐘鼓樓是鐘樓和鼓樓的合稱。在古代，鐘樓和鼓樓通常建造在城市中心地帶，作為報時和聚眾議事的工具，還有另一種，建於宮廷內，做報告時間和朝會時節制禮儀之用。鐘鼓樓各地都有，但從某種程度上説，在元明清三朝，北京的鐘鼓樓相當於每日發佈標準“北京時間”的國家授時中心，是鐘鼓樓中的“權威”。

元代鼓樓在大都中心，原名齊政樓，取齊七政(日、月、金星、木星、水星、火星、土星)之義，其位置在明清鼓樓以西，今舊鼓樓大街南口。明永樂十八年營建北京城，重建鐘鼓樓。據談遷《北遊錄》記載，清順治十一年(1654年)，鐘樓和鼓樓毀於火災，乾隆時重建，嘉慶五年(1820xx年)重修。1920xx年，“八國聯軍”入侵京師時，鐘鼓樓上文物遭到了破壞，建築倖免於毀。民國年間鐘鼓樓對外開放，民國十三年(1920xx年)將鼓樓改為明恥樓，第二年復改為齊政樓。1957年鐘鼓樓被列為北京市級文物保護單位。1984年政府撥款重修鐘鼓樓，1987年和1988年鼓樓和鐘樓相繼開放，隨後作為展覽功能的文物建築得到了保護和利用。1996年，鐘鼓樓被列為全國重點文物保護單位。

大家在看西方的電視劇或者電影的時候，經常可以看到高大的尖塔式鐘樓，上面有一面巨大的機械鐘。每到整點或者半點自動報時。中國早在宋朝時候，宮廷內就有了以水流作為動力的自動報時的機械鐘，當時叫做水運儀象台，主要作用是觀測天文，但是，由於這種技術被皇室壟斷，無法普及，終於導致技術失傳。所以，中國古代的城市報時裝置還是使用青銅鐘。鐘樓建築高大，所以鐘聲可以傳的很遠，把時間告知這個個城市。

而鼓樓在城市中的作用一般是聚集眾人議事，當有重大節日或者戰爭時候，也用來聚集民眾。此外，古代城市中夜晚是實行宵禁的，禁止一切商業活動和娛樂活動。每到傍晚，鼓聲敲響，商販們便開始收攤，鋪面也紛紛打烊，待到第二天早上五點敲完亮更鼓以後，人們才開始新一天的生活。

大家一定都很想知道，鐘樓和鼓樓都是怎麼工作的呢?那就隨我一起來探索吧„„

清代原規定鐘樓晝夜報時，乾隆後改為只報夜裏兩個更時，而且由兩個更夫分別登鍾、鼓樓，先擊鼓後敲鐘。其計時方式按古人將一夜分為五更來計算，每更為一時辰，即現在的兩小時，19點為定更，21點為二更，23點為三更，1點為四更，3點為五更，5點為亮更。鐘鼓樓每到定更先擊鼓，後敲鐘，提醒人們進入睡眠，二更到五更則只撞鐘不擊鼓，以免影響大家睡眠。到了亮更則先擊鼓後敲鐘，表示該起牀了。擊鼓的方法是先快擊18響，再慢擊18響，共擊6次，共108響。撞鐘與擊鼓相同。

20xx年歲末的午夜11時57分，北京鼓樓沉寂了近百年的羣鼓再度被敲響——25位年輕鼓手錶演了《二十四節令鼓之冬》樂章(鼓譜的作者是中央民族樂團打擊聲樂部首席朱嘯林先生)，鼓聲持續3分鐘，到20xx年元旦0時結束。鼓樓從20xx年元旦起，正式對外開放。每天將四次擊鼓，每次15分鐘。

距離我們較近的這一座就是鐘樓(北面那一座)，它是老北京中軸線的北端點。原址為元大都大天壽萬寧寺之中心閣。明永樂十八年(1420xx年)建，後毀於火。清乾隆十年(1745年)重建，十二年後竣工。其樓身為正方形平面，重檐歇山頂，無樑式磚石建築。屋頂為黑琉璃瓦綠剪邊，正脊兩端安背獸，兩層屋檐的戧脊上均安獅子為首的五跑小獸。上層檐下施重昂五踩斗拱，下層檐下施單。

翹單昂五踩斗拱，是我國現存唯一的無樑拱券式全磚石結構的大型單體建築，也是中國古代建築中將建築與傳聲巧妙結合的傑作。樓身四立面相同，當心開一拱券門，左右對稱開券窗，窗上安設石刻仿木菱花窗。內部結構採用複合式拱券，除主體拱券之外，還於圍護牆體中設有環路通道。基座為漢白玉須彌座，周圍環以漢白玉欄杆。樓身之下為磚砌城台，城台上四面有城垛。台身四面開券門，內部呈十字券結構，東北隅開門，內有石階七十五級供登臨。鐘樓原有明永樂年間鑄造的鐵鐘一口，置放於樓外平地上，後由古鐘博物館收藏。鐘樓內正中位置安架一八角形木框架，其上懸鐘。該鐘鑄造於明永樂十八年，鍾通高7.02米，最大直徑3.40米，重約63噸，為目前我國發現最重的銅鐘，被譽為“古鐘之王”它是研究古代冶金史和大型青銅器物鑄造技術的重要實物。鐘樓正南為一座與圍牆相連的三聯大門，中門內為清乾隆十二年(1745年)重建鐘樓碑一通，螭首方座，碑首題額《御製重建鐘樓碑記》，碑陽為經筵講官户部尚書樑詩正奉敕敬書碑文，碑陰為民國十四年(1920xx年)十月京兆尹薛篤弼書的《京兆通俗教育館記》碑文。

鐘樓後面(南面那一座)是鼓樓。鼓樓總佔地面積約為7000平方米。南側門前有石獅子一對，高約1.25米。 鼓樓，初名齊政樓，建於元至元九年(1272)，明永樂十八年(1420)重建，現存建築為明嘉靖年十八年(1539)所建.樓高46.7米，，為重檐三滴水木結構樓閣建築，通高46.7米。樓身有上下二個功能層和中間的一個結構暗層，平面面闊五間，進深三間，外帶周圍廊;城台(下層)外顯面闊七間，進深五間，內部為拱券結構，前後各有三座券門，左右各一券門，南門前有一對石獅。樓台東北隅有一門，門內有石梯69級，由此登臨。鼓樓屋頂為灰筒瓦綠琉璃剪邊重檐歇山式，正脊兩端安背獸，平坐周圍以木製滴珠板封護，下層檐為四坡屋頂，各層屋頂戧脊上曾置獅子為首的五跑小獸，現為仙人為首的七跑小獸。上層檐下施重昂五踩斗拱，下層檐下施單翹單昂五踩斗拱，平坐下施重翹五踩斗拱。室內方磚漫地，外檐裝修採用六抹方格格扇門窗。上層室外環樓有走廊，設木欄杆，四角支撐有擎檐柱。鼓樓二層內原有主鼓一面，羣鼓二十四面，代表代表一年二十四個節氣，清代的羣股如今僅存一面主鼓，鼓高2.22米，長2.25米，腰徑1.71米，鼓面直徑1.40米，已殘破不堪，並在鼓皮上留有侵華日軍用刺刀捅破的刀痕;有木製鼓座，鼓座為紅油漆上雕雲紋，高1.8米，長2米，寬1.9米。1988年依據舊主鼓複製兩面新鼓;後又依據清嘉慶年間的史料記載仿製主鼓一面，鼓高2.40米，鼓面直徑1.60米，二十四面小鼓高1.60米，鼓面直徑1.12米。

從前在鼓樓上還有用於計時的“銅刻漏”，可惜早已遺失。據文獻記載：“鼓樓之銅刻漏制極精妙，故老相傳，以為先宋故物，其製為銅漏壺四：上曰‘天池’，次曰‘平水’，又次曰‘萬分’，下曰‘收水’„„口安撓神，設機械，時至，則每刻擊鐃者八，以壺水滿為度。涸則隨是增添，冬則用火温之。”當年鼓樓擊鼓報時，有一定的規律。每晚7時“定更”，擊鼓兩通，共108聲，以後，每個更次都擊鼓兩通108聲，直至五更(晨5時)擊最後的“亮更”鼓。擊鼓也有一定的節奏，至今，北京仍流傳着“緊十八，慢十八，不緊不慢又十八”之説。

鼓樓以漏刻計時，擊鼓定更;從元朝到清朝，鐘樓撞鐘報時的歷史延續了652年。1920xx年後鐘樓，鼓樓成為京城民眾教育及娛樂場所。曾一度名為“明恥樓”，展有八國聯軍在北京屠殺和搶掠的圖片、實物和模型。現在，為了傳承古老民族文化精華，鐘鼓樓文物保管所已完成了銅刻漏的仿製及二十五面定更鼓的複製。再現了“漏刻計時、擊鼓定更、撞鐘報時”的恢弘曆史畫面，精心仿製的 銅刻漏可生動演示古代計時與報刻;每日定更的擊鼓表演，每年新舊交替的撞鐘活動，吸引越來越多的中外遊客走進鐘鼓樓。鐘鼓樓之上還是鳥瞰北京古都風貌最好的地方，您可以在這裏好好欣賞一下北京城。

各位遊客，關於鐘鼓樓的講解到此就暫告一段落了，謝謝大家。