2023吐魯番導遊詞 篇1
高昌城於公元前一世紀，是西漢王朝在車師前國境內的屯田部隊所建。他位於絲綢之路中心地帶，為過往的商人與旅人提供可以歇息的地方和沙漠中的必需品——水和食物。一直到十三世紀，經過多年的戰火，現在已經是殘垣斷壁了。可是對於我這個好奇心特強，又喜歡歷史的小朋友來説，這是個千載難逢的好機會啊!
“哎，不是説是個故城嗎?怎麼是個博物館?”我失望得叫起來。媽媽神祕地對我説：“不要着急啊，待會兒你就知道了。”哦!原來還要坐一個觀光車進去啊。車子一轉彎，突然，高昌故城一下子出現在我的面前。太壯觀了!雖然現在只剩下殘破的圍牆和建築，可這些用土磚建成的建築竟能在戰火後屹立千百年而不坍塌，真是奇蹟啊!精美的佛寺，考究的壁畫，類似伊斯蘭教圓頂清真寺的講經堂……這一切都能看出高昌故城以前的繁榮與昌盛。
車子一邊行進，一邊播放着故城的傳説和故事。最讓我感興趣的是西行取經的唐玄奘與高昌王麴文泰結拜為兄弟而留下的那一段千古佳話。
“哎——”這一聲歎息包含着對歷史的惋惜與感慨。我們在讚揚古人的智慧與勇敢的時候，也應該為歷史上這些毀壞故城的暴君和探險家感到慚愧。
2023吐魯番導遊詞 篇2
Dear tourists
Xinjiang is the largest grape producing area in China, and also thebirthplace of grape cultivation in China. According to the survey, there aremore than 50 grape varieties in Xinjiang. Especially in Turpan, grapes areplanted everywhere, accounting for more than 90% of the total grape plantingarea in Xinjiang, making it a "Kingdom of grapes". The grape of Turpan evokesour infinite reverie. The wonderful lyrics of "the grapes in Turpan are ripe,and anaerhan's heart is drunk" sung among people of all ethnic groups inXinjiang fully express people's admiration for grapes. Grape is known as "Pearland agate" and has become the symbol of "hometown of melons and fruits" inXinjiang. Now let's go to the most beautiful place in Turpan, Grape Valley, toexperience anaerhan's intoxicated mood!
Tourists, our car is driving by the flame mountain, and the west end of themountain is the Grape Valley.
Putaogou is a north-south river valley in Huoyanshan mountains, with atotal length of 7 km and a maximum width of 2 km. It is full of vineyards,inhabited by Uygur, Hui, Han and other ethnic fruit farmers. If you walk intothe Grape Valley, you will see the people's canal from Tianshan Mountain. Thewater passes through the valley. The trees are luxuriant, the air is humid, andthe climate is cool and pleasant, which is in sharp contrast to the blazingflame mountain. Looking up at the volcano and looking down at the green space,it is really a good place for summer.
Vineyard → seedless grapes → raisin drying room now we come to thevineyard. The grapes here are like the green clouds covering the sky and thegreen carpet covering the ground. They are connected by pieces, and the greenshade covers the sun. They are fruitful. The vineyard in the grapevine Valleycovers an area of more than 400 hectares. The main varieties are seedless whitegrape, MARUKI grape, rose red, kashhar, bijiagan, black grape, soso grape, addition, jingzaojing, aimina, seedless purple, seedless red, rose fragranceand other excellent grape varieties are introduced from abroad. Its fruit shapeis different, there are spherical, oval, cylindrical, oval, some bright likeagate, some crystal like pearls, and some green as jade. With an annual outputof more than 6000 tons of grapes and more than 300 tons of raisins, it can becalled the "world vineyard".
The outstanding grape in Xinjiang is seedless white grape, which is widelyplanted in Grape Valley. Look! The "Green Pearls" with oval fruit grains andlight yellow green fruit hanging on the grape trellis are seedless. It has thinskin, crisp meat, juicy and sweet taste. The sugar content of the fresh fruit ismore than 24%, which exceeds the sugar content of California grape in the UnitedStates and becomes the sweetest grape in the world. Because it has no seeds, itis most suitable for drying raisins. After drying, it contains more than 75%sugar, protein, organic acid and other nutrients. It is a good dry fruit withrich nutrition. The seedless raisins, which are crystal clear and jade like, aregreen and bright in color, sweet and sour to eat, and are known as "China GreenPearl".
The second largest cultivated area in the grape ditch is maruzi grape. Itsfruit is long columnar or spindle shaped, with thin and tough skin, juicy andcrisp flesh, no fragrance, but especially sweet. It is worth mentioning that dueto the unique natural conditions such as low-lying, high temperature, lessprecipitation and strong solar radiation, all grapes in Turpan Basin are free ofdiseases and pests, let alone spraying pesticides. As a result, Xinjiang raisinis famous at home and abroad, becoming a rare natural non-toxic fruit.
Tourists, walking in the green corridor, looking at the attractive grapes,it's really very comfortable! Just now some tourists asked: how are raisinsmade? Look! The flat topped, rectangular, civil structure house in front of usis a drying room specially built for drying raisins. The wall of drying room isa perforated wall made of soil blocks, and the rectangular holes mainly play therole of free ventilation. The door of the drying room is mostly located in thenorth or East, which can reduce the sunlight on the one hand, and on the otherhand, when transporting grapes, if the drying room can't hold for a while, itcan be temporarily placed on the north wall outside the drying room, so that itwon't be exposed to the sunlight for several hours, and the quality of the driedgrapes will not change. In Turpan, such air drying houses can be seeneverywhere, but most of them are built on the hillside or on the Bank of ditch,where the terrain is open, flat, well ventilated and dry. At this point,tourists may have understood that the method of making raisins in Turpan isunique. It is not only different from other countries that use the sun to exposethemselves to the sun, but also not use artificial heating and drying. Instead,it is completely dried by the dry and warm climate. In this way, the chlorophyllin the grape fruit is completely preserved, and the grape turns dry green. Amongthe raisins with an annual output of about ten thousand tons in the world, itcan also be regarded as an exclusive product.
In addition to raisins, Turpan wine is also very famous for its good color,aroma and long brewing history. Wang Han, a poet of Tang Dynasty, once wrote apoem praising: "the wine is beautiful, sprinkle the luminous cup. If you want todrink pipa, you will be urged immediately. Don't laugh when you are drunk on thebattlefield. How many people have fought in the past The poet's famous linesdescribe the charm of grape wine and the heroic spirit of the general gallopingon the battlefield.
Tourists, now we are in the north of Putaogou. On a marble tablet in frontof us is written "Putaogou" 3. This is the handwriting of Peng Zhen, formerchairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. You cantake photos here.
Here the water is gurgling and the grape stands are full. We stroll in thegrape corridor, just like enjoying the gardens in the south of the YangtzeRiver. We don't know that we are in the Flaming Mountain in the scorching ugh the stone bridge and in the grape Kingdom, you can see the spring waterseeping from the gravel layer of the cliff, converging into a pool. The fish inthe pool seem to be as happy as the tourists. The fish are happy, the people arehappy, and the spring is clearer.
Tourists, now we have a rest in the corridor of Grape Valley. We all sitaround and enjoy the surrounding landscape. We also taste all kinds of freshgrapes and fruits with different colors, sizes and tastes. We are addicted toeating grapes. By the way, since 1990, the "China Silk Road Turpan GrapeFestival" has been held in Turpan from August 20 to 26 every year. Grape inTurpan has broken through its own boundaries and become a bridge of culturalexchanges and a link of economic and trade exchanges.
There are also grape Museum, wine tasting point, Folk Museum and othervisiting facilities in the tourist area, as well as Uygur folk musicperformances. We will visit them after a short rest.
2023吐魯番導遊詞 篇3
各位遊客：
新疆的吐魯番有兩座中國現存最完整的古城遺址，1961年被列為首批全國重點文物保護單位，分別是高昌故城和河故城，被稱為吐魯番盆地中一對風格不同的“姐妹城”。它們在經歷了幾千年的風風雨雨後，如今雖然只留下斷壁殘垣，然而當年高聳的城牆依然氣勢恢弘，深陷的護城河輪廓仍歷歷在目。下面讓我們帶着訪古探勝的心情，先去參觀一下高故城吧：
高昌故城的得名→高昌王國的歷史
遊客們，高昌故城位於吐魯番以東45公里處的火焰山南麓，即木頭溝河的三角洲地段，這座馳名中外的西域古都，曾先後為麴氏高昌王國和回鶻高昌王國的都城，歷盡繁華，曾是古絲綢之路的必經之地和重要門户。在前往故城的途中，我先來介紹一下它的得名和歷史。
高昌故城，維吾爾語中稱為“亦都護城”，也就是“王城”的意思。《北史•高昌傳》中稱它因“地勢高敞，人庶昌盛”而得名高昌。
據歷史記載，高昌故城始建於公元前1世紀的西漢。當時稱為“高昌壁”或“高昌壘”，漢、魏、晉歷代都曾在此設立“戊己校尉”，管理屯田，抵禦匈奴，故又名“戊己校尉城”。公元320xx年，前涼張駿在此設置高昌郡，開創了西域郡縣制的先河。高昌建國是在公元460年(北魏和平元年)，車師國滅亡，柔然立闡氏伯周為王，稱其國為高昌國，從而掀開了高昌王國的序幕。南北朝時期，這裏諸王爭霸，但國號仍為“高昌”。公元620xx年，唐貞觀年間，高昌王勾結西突厥截斷絲綢之路，唐太宗派人平定了高昌王國，將高昌改稱“西州”。公元9世紀末，由漠北西遷到此的回鶻人建立了回鶻高昌國，仍臣屬中原王朝，史稱“西州回鶻”或“高昌回鶻”。1220xx年，高昌回鶻則順成吉思汗，稱“畏兀兒王國”。1283年，高昌城毀於戰火，高昌回鶻王國滅亡，至此，高昌城被廢。 縱觀高昌故城的歷史演變，歷經1500多年，其間由盛及衰，演繹了一部西域部族的興亡史。
高昌故城遺址→ 高昌的對外交流→ 高昌文化
遊客們，現在我們來到了高昌故城遺址。只見殘破的城牆全用黃土夯成，倘若登高展望，全城平面略呈不規則的正方形;分外城、內城、宮城三部分。佈局似唐代的長安城。外城呈正方形，周長5.4公里，城牆最高處達11.5米，城基寬12米。內城居於外城正中，周長3600米，現僅存西牆980米，南牆850米。宮城居於外城城北。請看，前方那數座高3米至4米的土台稱為“可汗堡”，就是原回鵲高昌的宮廷所在地。這裏發掘出的綠色琉璃瓦、紋飾華麗的石柱礎和巨幅的奏樂圖精美壁畫，記錄了故都昔日的繁華。據史書記載，鼎盛時期的能城有12個門，市內房屋鱗次櫛比，有作坊、市場、廟宇和居民區等建築，總面積為200萬平方米。密集的民居和市井坊肆建築羣，風格與交河故城相似，下挖為院，掏洞為室，不用木料，為吐魯番一奇。
漢唐以來，高昌是連接中原、中亞、歐洲的樞紐，它既是經貿活動的集散地，又是世界宗教文化的薈萃地。當時波斯等 地的商人，從他們國家帶來苜蓿、葡萄、香料、胡椒、寶石和駿馬來到高昌城，又從這裏帶走中原的絲綢、瓷器、茶葉和造紙、火藥、印刷術。與此同時，世界各地的宗教先後經高昌傳入內地。當時的居民先後信奉佛教、景教和摩尼教，高昌成了世界古代宗教最活躍、最發達的地方。
高昌王國鼎盛時期;還孕育了豐富的高昌文化，成為高昌的珍貴遺產。麴氏高昌王國十任國王都是漢人，因此漢文化對高昌的影響顯而易見。但高昌畢竟屬於雜胡地帶，車師、回鶻、突厥以至後來的吐蕃、蒙古等多民族雜居，因此當地人會數種語言，語種形態豐富而有趣。此外，高昌人的服飾也十分講究，並擅長製作美食。馳名中外的高昌古樂，更是高昌人的驕傲，它以濃烈的異域風情和豐富的藝術語彙在漢唐時流行，被列入唐朝十部大樂之中，成為中西融合的文化瑰寶。可以這樣理解，高昌故城的魅力，在於其深厚的文體底藴，使之成為代表西域歷史的典範和標本。
講經堂遺址→ 唐僧玄奘與高昌
遊客們，高昌故城廢棄以後，被開墾為耕地，大部分地面建築蕩然無存，遺址保存較好的除城牆外，還有外城西南角的一座寺院，下面就讓我們乘着“驢的”前往參觀。
各位遊客，請看這座大佛寺遺址，佔地近1萬平方米。仔細觀察，這座佛寺的山門、講經堂、大殿、藏經樓、僧舍等建築佈局，仍歷歷在目。從建築特徵和殘存壁畫上的聯珠紋圖分析，其建築年代屬麴氏高昌中期，約為隋代所建。
説起這座佛寺，鼎鼎大名的唐代高僧玄奘還曾到此講過經。相傳公元620xx年(唐貞觀三年)，玄奘29歲時，為了提高佛學水平，不畏艱險，從長安出發西行，沿絲綢之路到佛國印度遊學取經，歷時20xx年。由於玄類取經起初並未得到唐朝政府的支持，他只能夾在西域商人中出行，因為沒有政府發給的公文，路上還曾受到緝拿。然而玄類在克服了重重困難以後，不僅從印度取得了佛經，而且返回故土，著書立説，糾正了國內僧侶對佛經種種不正確的解釋，成為最具聲望的一代高僧。
回國後，玄奘的境遇與出國前迥然不同，他受到了唐朝政府的高度重視，唐高宗李治在為紀念母親而建的慈恩寺內造了一座大雁塔，專門用來供放玄奘帶回來的歷7部佛經。玄奘在西行路上，途經伊吾(今哈密)，當高昌王麴文泰得知東土大唐不遠萬里來了一位求法的高僧時，便派人把玄類請來，專門安排在王宮內居住，與玄奘結為兄弟。他還苦口婆心地勸説玄奘留在高昌當“國師”，但不能動搖玄類西行探求真經的堅志大願。高昌王無奈，只好請玄類講經一月後再走。
臨行前，高昌王為玄奘寫了24封致西域各國的通行文書，還贈送了馬匹和25名僕役。出發那天，全城夾道相送，高昌王鞠義泰抱住大師失聲勵哭，親自送至100公里外的交河城，才依依惜別。唐僧玄奘和高昌王麴文泰的故事為我們留下了一段舌古佳話，以致吳承恩的神話小説《西遊記》中就有以火焰山等為場景而衍化出的美麗傳奇。
各位遊客，高昌故城的參觀即將結束了。望着這屢經歲月剝蝕的故城，在領略它的古老、蒼茫和凝重之餘，您還將作何觀感呢?“曾經的輝煌將永遠讓人銘記”，或許這就是歷史給我們的啟迪吧!